Here are some common figures of speech along with their definitions and examples:
व्याख्या आणि उदाहरणांसह भाषणाच्या काही सामान्य आकृतिबंध (अलंकार) येथे आहेत:
1. Simile: उपमा
A comparison between two things using “like” or “as.”- *Example*: “Her smile is as bright as the sun.”
*Definition*: Shows similarities between two different things.
2. Metaphor: रूपक
A direct comparison between two unlike things, without using “like” or “as.”
– *Example*: “Time is a thief.”
– *Definition*: Describes something as if it were something else.
3. Personification:
Giving human traits to non-human objects or animals.
– *Example*: “The wind whispered through the trees.”
– *Definition*: Makes inanimate objects or animals seem human.
4. Hyperbole: अतिशोक्ती
An exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally.
– *Example*: “I’ve told you a million times!”
– *Definition*: Used to emphasize (जोर देणे) a point through extreme exaggeration.
5. Alliteration: अनुग्रह
The repetition of the same initial consonant sound in a series of words.
– *Example*: “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.”
– *Definition*: Creates a rhythmic effect through sound repetition.
6. Onomatopoeia: (ध्वनी)
A word that imitates the sound it represents.
– *Example*: “The bees buzzed.”
– *Definition*: Mimics natural sounds.
7. Oxymoron: (विरोधाभास)
A combination of two contradictory terms.
– *Example*: “Bittersweet.”
– *Definition*: Puts together opposite ideas for effect.
8. Irony: विडंबन
When the opposite of what is expected happens.
– *Example*: “A fire station burns down.”
– *Definition*: Highlights differences between appearance and reality.
9. Pun:
A play on words that have similar sounds but different meanings.
– *Example*: “I used to be a baker, but I couldn’t make enough dough.”
– *Definition*: A humorous use of words with double meanings.
10. Synecdoche:
A part of something represents the whole.
– *Example*: “All hands on deck.”
– *Definition*: A part is used to refer to the whole entity.
11. Metonimy:
Replacing the name of something with a word closely related to it.
– *Example*: “The White House issued a statement.”
– *Definition*: Substitutes the name of something with something closely related.
12. Anaphora:
The repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.
– *Example*: “Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better.”
– *Definition*: Emphasises key ideas through repetition.Certainly! Here are some more figures of speech:
13. Euphemism: (शब्दप्रयोग)
A mild or indirect word or expression used to replace one that may be considered harsh or unpleasant.
– *Example*: “He passed away” (instead of “He died”).
– *Definition*: Softens a difficult or unpleasant truth.
14. Paradox: (विरोधाभास)
A statement that seems self-contradictory but reveals a deeper truth.
– *Example*: “Less is more.”
– *Definition*: Contradicts itself but often holds a surprising or insightful meaning.
15. Litotes:
An understatement where a positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite.
– *Example*: “He’s not bad at cooking.”
– *Definition*: Understates or downplays something by using double negatives.
16. Apostrophe:
Addressing an absent or imaginary person, or an inanimate object, as if it were alive or could respond.
– *Example*: “O Death, where is your sting?”
– *Definition*: Directly addresses someone or something not physically present.
17. Chiasmus:
A reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases.
– *Example*: “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”
– *Definition*: Creates emphasis by reversing the structure of a sentence.
18. Antithesis: (विरोधी)
A contrast or opposition between two things, often in parallel structure.
– *Example*: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.”
– *Definition*: Highlights the difference between two opposing ideas.
19. Zeugma:
A figure of speech where a word applies to multiple parts of the sentence, though the word is only grammatically or logically appropriate for one. *Example*: “He stole my heart and my wallet.”
– *Definition*: A single word governs two or more words, but in different ways.
20. Tautology:
The redundant or repetitive use of words or phrases.
– *Example*: “It was a free gift.”
– *Definition*: Repeats the same meaning unnecessarily.
21. Climax: (परिसीमा)
The arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of increasing importance.
– *Example*: “I came, I saw, I conquered.”
– *Definition*: Builds intensity through progressively stronger statements.
22. Anticlimax:
A disappointing or humorous drop from an important idea to something trivial or less impactful.
– *Example*: “He lost his family, his fortune, and his car keys.”
– *Definition*: Creates an abrupt shift in tone by going from serious to trivial.
23. Polysyndeton:
The deliberate use of many conjunctions between words or clauses.
– *Example*: “We have ships and men and money and stores.”
– *Definition*: Slows down the rhythm by adding more conjunctions than necessary.
24. Asyndeton:
The omission of conjunctions between parts of a sentence.
– *Example*: “I came, I saw, I conquered.”
– *Definition*: Speeds up the rhythm by leaving out conjunctions.
25. Hypophora:
Raising a question and then immediately answering it.
– *Example*: “What makes a king out of a slave? Courage.”
– *Definition*: Engages the audience by asking a question, followed by an answer.
These figures of speech offer more complexity and style to language, enhancing the impact of ideas and emotions.
Each of these figures of speech helps to create imagery, emphasis, or humour in writing and speech.
Glad you found it helpful