sentences

Antonyms

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Here is a list of 200 words along with their antonyms:

1. Absent – Present
2. Accept – Reject
3. Accurate – Inaccurate
4. Active – Inactive
5. Add – Subtract
6. Admit – Deny
7. Adult – Child
8. Advance – Retreat
9. Advantage – Disadvantage
10. Affirm – Deny
11. Agree – Disagree
12. Allow – Forbid
13. Always – Never
14. Ancient – Modern
15. Angelic – Demonic
16. Answer – Question
17. Appear – Disappear
18. Approve – Disapprove
19. Arrive – Depart
20. Artificial – Natural
21. Ascend – Descend
22. Ask – Answer
23. Attack – Defend
24. Attractive – Repulsive
25. Awake – Asleep
26. Backward – Forward
27. Bad – Good
28. Beautiful – Ugly
29. Begin – End
30. Belief – Doubt
31. Best – Worst
32. Bitter – Sweet
33. Black – White
34. Bless – Curse
35. Bold – Timid
36. Borrow – Lend
37. Brave – Cowardly
38. Break – Mend
39. Bright – Dull
40. Broad – Narrow
41. Build – Destroy
42. Calm – Agitated
43. Careful – Careless
44. Certain – Uncertain
45. Cheap – Expensive
46. Clean – Dirty
47. Clear – Cloudy
48. Clever – Stupid
49. Close – Open
50. Cold – Hot
51. Comfort – Discomfort
52. Comedy – Tragedy
53. Complicated – Simple
54. Connect – Disconnect
55. Construct – Demolish
56. Continue – Stop
57. Cool – Warm
58. Correct – Incorrect
59. Courage – Cowardice
60. Create – Destroy
61. Cruel – Kind
62. Damage – Repair
63. Dangerous – Safe
64. Dark – Light
65. Day – Night
66. Dead – Alive
67. Death – Life
68. Defeat – Victory
69. Defend – Attack
70. Deny – Admit
71. Depart – Arrive
72. Despair – Hope
73. Destroy – Create
74. Difficult – Easy
75. Dirty – Clean
76. Divide – Unite
77. Domestic – Wild
78. Down – Up
79. Dull – Sharp
80. Early – Late
81. East – West
82. Easy – Hard
83. Empty – Full
84. End – Begin
85. Enter – Exit
86. Even – Odd
87. Expand – Contract
88. Export – Import
89. Exterior – Interior
90. Fail – Succeed
91. False – True
92. Fast – Slow
93. Fat – Thin
94. Fear – Courage
95. Few – Many
96. Finish – Start
97. Flexible – Rigid
98. Float – Sink
99. Follow – Lead
100. Foolish – Wise
101. Forget – Remember
102. Forgive – Blame
103. Forward – Backward
104. Freeze – Thaw
105. Fresh – Stale
106. Friend – Enemy
107. Full – Empty
108. Gain – Lose
109. Gentle – Rough
110. Give – Take
111. Gloomy – Cheerful
112. Go – Stop
113. Grant – Refuse
114. Happy – Sad
115. Harmful – Harmless
116. Harsh – Gentle
117. Hate – Love
118. Healthy – Unhealthy
119. Heavy – Light
120. Hell – Heaven
121. High – Low
122. Honest – Dishonest
123. Hope – Despair
124. Huge – Tiny
125. Humble – Proud
126. Hungry – Full
127. Improve – Worsen
128. Include – Exclude
129. Increase – Decrease
130. Innocent – Guilty
131. Inside – Outside
132. Intelligent – Foolish
133. Join – Separate
134. Joy – Sorrow
135. Kind – Cruel
136. Known – Unknown
137. Laugh – Cry
138. Lazy – Hardworking
139. Lead – Follow
140. Less – More
141. Light – Heavy
142. Like – Dislike
143. Little – Big
144. Long – Short
145. Loose – Tight
146. Loss – Gain
147. Love – Hate
148. Low – High
149. Major – Minor
150. Male – Female
151. Many – Few
152. Mature – Immature
153. Mean – Generous
154. Messy – Neat
155. Modern – Ancient
156. Narrow – Wide
157. Near – Far
158. New – Old
159. Night – Day
160. Noisy – Quiet
161. Normal – Strange
162. North – South
163. Noticed – Ignored
164. Odd – Even
165. Offer – Refuse
166. Old – New
167. Open – Closed
168. Oppose – Support
169. Optimistic – Pessimistic
170. Over – Under
171. Partial – Complete
172. Pass – Fail
173. Passive – Active
174. Peace – War
175. Permit – Forbid
176. Polite – Rude
177. Poor – Rich
178. Positive – Negative
179. Powerful – Weak
180. Praise – Criticise
181. Present – Absent
182. Private – Public
183. Problem – Solution
184. Professional – Amateur
185. Proud – Humble
186. Pull – Push
187. Quick – Slow
188. Quiet – Loud
189. Rare – Common
190. Reduce – Increase
191. Refuse – Accept
192. Regular – Irregular
193. Rich – Poor
194. Right – Wrong
195. Rough – Smooth
196. Rude – Polite
197. Sad – Happy
198. Safe – Dangerous
199. Shallow – Deep
200. Short – Long

Let me know if you need more!

“Mastering Active and Passive Voice: A Comprehensive Guide”

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active-and-passive-voice‎

         In English grammar, “voice” refers to the relationship between the subject of a sentence and the action it describes. There are two types of voice:

1. Active Voice: The subject performs the action.
– Example: *John* (subject) *wrote* (verb) *the letter* (object).

2. Passive Voice: The subject receives the action.
– Example: *The letter* (subject) *was written* (verb) *by John* (agent).

Tense Examples in Active and Passive Voice:

 1. Present Simple
– **Active**: The chef *cooks* the meal.
– **Passive**: The meal *is cooked* by the chef.

 2. Past Simple
– **Active**: She *baked* a cake.
– **Passive**: A cake *was baked* by her.

 3. **Future Simple**
– **Active**: He *will clean* the room.
– **Passive**: The room *will be cleaned* by him.

 4. **Present Continuous**
– **Active**: They *are building* a house.
– **Passive**: A house *is being built* by them.

 5. **Past Continuous**
– **Active**: She *was painting* the wall.
– **Passive**: The wall *was being painted* by her.

 6. **Future Continuous** (rarely used in passive)
– **Active**: He *will be driving* the car.
– **Passive**: The car *will be being driven* by him. (rare and awkward)

 7. **Present Perfect**
– **Active**: They *have finished* the report.
– **Passive**: The report *has been finished* by them.

 8. **Past Perfect**
– **Active**: She *had completed* the task.
– **Passive**: The task *had been completed* by her.

 9. **Future Perfect**
– **Active**: He *will have solved* the problem.
– **Passive**: The problem *will have been solved* by him.

 10. **Present Perfect Continuous** (rare in passive)                                                                                  – **Active**: They *have been discussing* the issue.
– **Passive**: The issue *has been being discussed* by them. (rarely used)

Most commonly, the passive voice is used with action verbs and when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer.
Here are **5 additional examples** for each tense in **active** and **passive** voice to expand on the earlier examples.

 1. **Present Simple**

– **Active**:
1. The teacher *explains* the lesson.
2. She *reads* the newspaper every day.
3. The manager *approves* the reports.
4. He *plays* the guitar well.
5. They *sell* fresh vegetables in the market.

– **Passive**:
1. The lesson *is explained* by the teacher.
2. The newspaper *is read* by her every day.
3. The reports *are approved* by the manager.
4. The guitar *is played* well by him.
5. Fresh vegetables *are sold* in the market by them.

—

 2. **Past Simple**

– **Active**:
1. The scientist *discovered* a new planet.
2. She *wrote* a novel.
3. They *painted* the house last summer.
4. He *watched* the movie yesterday.
5. The company *launched* a new product.

– **Passive**:
1. A new planet *was discovered* by the scientist.
2. A novel *was written* by her.
3. The house *was painted* by them last summer.
4. The movie *was watched* by him yesterday.
5. A new product *was launched* by the company.

 3. **Future Simple**

– **Active**:
1. The artist *will create* a masterpiece.
2. They *will organise* the event next week.
3. She *will prepare* dinner tonight.
4. He *will fix* the computer tomorrow.
5. The team *will win* the match.

– **Passive**:
1. A masterpiece *will be created* by the artist.
2. The event *will be organised* by them next week.
3. Dinner *will be prepared* by her tonight.
4. The computer *will be fixed* by him tomorrow.
5. The match *will be won* by the team.

4. **Present Continuous**

– **Active**:
1. The mechanic *is repairing* the car.
2. She *is cleaning* the windows.
3. They *are organising* a party.
4. He *is teaching* the students.
5. The company *is hiring* new employees.

– **Passive**:
1. The car *is being repaired* by the mechanic.
2. The windows *are being cleaned* by her.
3. A party *is being organised* by them.
4. The students *are being taught* by him.
5. New employees *are being hired* by the company.

 5. **Past Continuous**

– **Active**:
1. The writer *was drafting* a novel.
2. They *were discussing* the problem.
3. She *was organising* the documents.
4. He *was playing* the piano.
5. The chef *was preparing* the meal.

– **Passive**:
1. A novel *was being drafted* by the writer.
2. The problem *was being discussed* by them.
3. The documents *were being organised* by her.
4. The piano *was being played* by him.
5. The meal *was being prepared* by the chef.

 6. **Future Continuous** (rarely used in passive)

– **Active**:
1. They *will be celebrating* their anniversary.
2. She *will be giving* a speech at the event.
3. He *will be travelling* to Europe next month.
4. The teacher *will be marking* the exams.
5. The company *will be negotiating* a new contract.

– **Passive** (rare):
1. Their anniversary *will be being celebrated* by them.
2. A speech *will be being given* by her at the event.
3. Europe *will be being travelled* to by him next month.
4. The exams *will be being marked* by the teacher.
5. A new contract *will be being negotiated* by the company.

7. **Present Perfect**

– **Active**:
1. The engineer *has designed* a new system.
2. They *have solved* the puzzle.
3. She *has published* three books.
4. He *has built* a new website.
5. The chef *has cooked* a delicious meal.

– **Passive**:
1. A new system *has been designed* by the engineer.
2. The puzzle *has been solved* by them.
3. Three books *have been published* by her.
4. A new website *has been built* by him.
5. A delicious meal *has been cooked* by the chef.

8. **Past Perfect**

– **Active**:
1. The team *had completed* the project.
2. She *had written* the report before the meeting.
3. They *had finished* the renovation.
4. He *had taken* the test by noon.
5. The manager *had approved* the budget.

– **Passive**:
1. The project *had been completed* by the team.
2. The report *had been written* by her before the meeting.
3. The renovation *had been finished* by them.
4. The test *had been taken* by him by noon.
5. The budget *had been approved* by the manager.

9. **Future Perfect**

– **Active**:
1. The architect *will have designed* the building by next year.
2. She *will have written* the article by tomorrow.
3. They *will have completed* the project by the deadline.
4. He *will have solved* the issue by evening.
5. The company *will have launched* the product by summer.

– **Passive**:
1. The building *will have been designed* by the architect by next year.
2. The article *will have been written* by her by tomorrow.
3. The project *will have been completed* by them by the deadline.
4. The issue *will have been solved* by him by evening.
5. The product *will have been launched* by the company by summer.

10. **Present Perfect Continuous** (rare in passive)

– **Active**:
1. They *have been developing* a new app.
2. She *has been researching* for the project.
3. He *has been fixing* the car.
4. The students *have been studying* for hours.
5. The company *has been upgrading* the system.

– **Passive** (rare):
1. A new app *has been being developed* by them.
2. The project *has been being researched* by her.
3. The car *has been being fixed* by him.
4. Hours of study *have been being done* by the students.
5. The system *has been being upgraded* by the company. (rarely used)

11.**Future Perfect Continuous Tense**

The **Future Perfect Continuous** tense is used to describe actions that will have been happening for a period of time at a point in the future. The passive form is rarely used and is quite awkward.

**Active Voice Examples:**
1. By next year, he *will have been working* at the company for five years.
2. By 5 p.m., we *will have been driving* for ten hours straight.
3. She *will have been studying* for the exam for three weeks by the time it takes place.
4. They *will have been living* in this city for a decade by 2025.
5. By next summer, the team *will have been training* for the championship for six months.

**Passive Voice Examples (rare and awkward):**
1. By next year, the project *will have been being worked on* for five years.
2. By 5 p.m., the road *will have been being driven* on for ten hours straight.
3. By the time of the exam, the materials *will have been being studied* for three weeks.
4. By 2025, this house *will have been being lived in* for a decade.
5. By next summer, the championship *will have been being trained for* for six months.

12.**Past Perfect Continuous Tense**

The **Past Perfect Continuous** tense is used to describe actions that were ongoing in the past up to a certain point.

**Active Voice Examples:**
1. He *had been working* at the company for five years before he resigned.
2. They *had been waiting* for the bus for over an hour when it finally arrived.
3. She *had been studying* for the exam for weeks before it was cancelled.
4. We *had been living* in that city for ten years before we moved.
5. By the time the teacher arrived, the students *had been discussing* the topic for an hour.

**Passive Voice Examples (rare):**
1. The project *had been being worked on* for five years before it was completed.
2. The bus *had been being waited for* for over an hour before it finally arrived.
3. The exam *had been being studied for* for weeks before it was cancelled.
4. The house *had been being lived in* for ten years before it was sold.
5. The topic *had been being discussed* for an hour by the students before the teacher arrived.

     The passive forms of **Future Perfect Continuous** and **Past Perfect Continuous** are rarely used and can sound awkward, so they are less common in both writing and speech. The active forms are much more commonly used to express ongoing actions over a period of time.

“Mastering Direct and Indirect Speech: A Comprehensive Guide”

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               Direct and Indirect Narration

– Direct Narration: In direct speech, the speaker’s exact words are quoted. Quotation marks are used, and there’s no change in tense or person.
Example: He said, “I am going to the market.”

– Indirect Narration: In indirect speech, the speaker’s words are reported without quoting them directly. The tense, pronouns, and sometimes time expressions may change based on the reporting verb.
Example: He said that he was going to the market.

Rules for Tense Changes in Indirect Speech:
1. If the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense of the verb in direct speech changes accordingly in indirect speech.
2. No tense change occurs if the reporting verb is in the present or future tense.

Tense-Wise Examples of Direct and Indirect Speech

Here are **ten examples** of direct and indirect speech across various tenses. For each tense, examples show how direct speech converts to indirect speech:

1. **Present Simple Tense**

– **Direct**: He says, “I play football.”
– **Indirect**: He says that he plays football.
– **Direct**: She says, “I love reading.”
– **Indirect**: She says that she loves reading.
– **Direct**: John says, “They study every day.”
– **Indirect**: John says that they study every day.
– **Direct**: He says, “I know the answer.”
– **Indirect**: He says that he knows the answer.
– **Direct**: She says, “We live in London.”
– **Indirect**: She says that they live in London.
– **Direct**: They say, “We like pizza.”
– **Indirect**: They say that they like pizza.
– **Direct**: He says, “I go to the gym regularly.”
– **Indirect**: He says that he goes to the gym regularly.
– **Direct**: The teacher says, “The Earth orbits the Sun.”
– **Indirect**: The teacher says that the Earth orbits the Sun.
– **Direct**: He says, “I walk to school.”
– **Indirect**: He says that he walks to school.
– **Direct**: She says, “I don’t eat meat.”
– **Indirect**: She says that she doesn’t eat meat.

**2. Present Continuous Tense**

– **Direct**: He says, “I am working.”
– **Indirect**: He says that he is working.
– **Direct**: She says, “They are coming to the party.”
– **Indirect**: She says that they are coming to the party.
– **Direct**: They say, “We are waiting for you.”
– **Indirect**: They say that they are waiting for you.
– **Direct**: He says, “She is cooking dinner.”
– **Indirect**: He says that she is cooking dinner.
– **Direct**: She says, “I am reading a book.”
– **Indirect**: She says that she is reading a book.
– **Direct**: John says, “I am meeting my friends.”
– **Indirect**: John says that he is meeting his friends.
– **Direct**: They say, “We are studying for exams.”
– **Indirect**: They say that they are studying for exams.
– **Direct**: He says, “I am going to the store.”
– **Indirect**: He says that he is going to the store.
– **Direct**: She says, “He is watching TV.”
– **Indirect**: She says that he is watching TV.
– **Direct**: The teacher says, “I am teaching grammar.”
– **Indirect**: The teacher says that she is teaching grammar.

 **3. Present Perfect Tense**

– **Direct**: He says, “I have finished my work.”
– **Indirect**: He says that he has finished his work.
– **Direct**: She says, “I have lost my keys.”
– **Indirect**: She says that she has lost her keys.
– **Direct**: They say, “We have completed the project.”
– **Indirect**: They say that they have completed the project.
– **Direct**: He says, “She has gone to the market.”
– **Indirect**: He says that she has gone to the market.
– **Direct**: She says, “I have learned French.”
– **Indirect**: She says that she has learned French.
– **Direct**: He says, “We have lived here for 10 years.”
– **Indirect**: He says that they have lived there for 10 years.
– **Direct**: John says, “I have seen that movie.”
– **Indirect**: John says that he has seen that movie.
– **Direct**:They say, “We have made dinner.”
– **Indirect**: They say that they have made dinner.
– **Direct**: He says, “I have never been to Paris.”
– **Indirect**: He says that he has never been to Paris.
– **Direct**: She says, “I have finished reading the book.”
– **Indirect**: She says that she has finished reading the book.

 **4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense**

– **Direct**: He says, “I have been working all day.”
– **Indirect**: He says that he has been working all day.
– **Direct**: She says, “I have been cooking for two hours.”
– **Indirect**: She says that she has been cooking for two hours.
– **Direct**: They say, “We have been studying for the exam.”
– **Indirect**: They say that they have been studying for the exam.
– **Direct**: He says, “She has been waiting for you.”
– **Indirect**: He says that she has been waiting for you.
– **Direct**: She says, “I have been reading that novel.”
– **Indirect**: She says that she has been reading that novel.
– **Direct**: John says, “I have been living here for five years.”
– **Indirect**: John says that he has been living there for five years.
– **Direct**: They say, “We have been planning the event.”
– **Indirect**: They say that they have been planning the event.
– **Direct**: He says, “I have been driving for hours.”
– **Indirect**: He says that he has been driving for hours.
– **Direct**: She says, “They have been waiting for you.”
– **Indirect**: She says that they have been waiting for you.
– **Direct**: He says, “I have been trying to call you.”
– **Indirect**: He says that he has been trying to call you.

**5. Past Simple Tense**

– **Direct**: He said, “I went to the store.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he had gone to the store.
– **Direct**: She said, “I bought a new car.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she had bought a new car.
– **Direct**: They said, “We completed the project.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they had completed the project.
– **Direct**: He said, “She helped me.”
– **Indirect**: He said that she had helped him.
– **Direct**: She said, “I saw the movie.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she had seen the movie.
– **Direct**: John said, “I visited Paris.”
– **Indirect**: John said that he had visited Paris.
– **Direct**: They said, “We won the game.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they had won the game.
– **Direct**: He said, “I met her yesterday.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he had met her the day before.
– **Direct**: She said, “I was late for work.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she had been late for work.
– **Direct**: He said, “I ate breakfast.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he had eaten breakfast.

**6. Past Continuous Tense**

– **Direct**: He said, “I was working.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he had been working.
– **Direct**: She said, “I was cooking dinner.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she had been cooking dinner.
– **Direct**: They said, “We were waiting for you.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they had been waiting for you.
– **Direct**: He said, “She was watching TV.”
– **Indirect**: He said that she had been watching TV.
– **Direct**: She said, “I was reading a book.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she had been reading a book.
– **Direct**: John said, “I was studying for my exam.”
– **Indirect**: John said that he had been studying for his exam.
– **Direct**: They said, “We were playing football.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they had been playing football.
– **Direct**: He said, “I was driving to work.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he had been driving to work.
– **Direct**: She said, “They were planning a party.”
– **Indirect**: She said that they had been planning a party.
– **Direct**: He said, “I was talking to my friend.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he had been talking to his friend.

**7. Past Perfect Tense**

– **Direct**: He said, “I had already eaten.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he had already eaten.

– **Direct**: She said, “I had finished my homework.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she had finished her homework.

– **Direct**: They said, “We had visited the museum before it closed.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they had visited the museum before it closed.

– **Direct**: He said, “She had left before I arrived.”
– **Indirect**: He said that she had left before he arrived.

– **Direct**: She said, “I had been to Paris twice by then.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she had been to Paris twice by then.

– **Direct**: John said, “We had completed the project before the deadline.”
– **Indirect**: John said that they had completed the project before the deadline.

– **Direct**: They said, “We had lost the match by a narrow margin.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they had lost the match by a narrow margin.

– **Direct**: He said, “I had never seen such a beautiful sunset.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he had never seen such a beautiful sunset.

– **Direct**: She said, “They had gone home before it started raining.”
– **Indirect**: She said that they had gone home before it started raining.

– **Direct**: He said, “I had forgotten my keys.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he had forgotten his keys.

 **8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense**

– **Direct**: He said, “I had been working for three hours before you called.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he had been working for three hours before I called.

– **Direct**: She said, “I had been cooking dinner for an hour.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she had been cooking dinner for an hour.

– **Direct**: They said, “We had been studying for weeks before the exam.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they had been studying for weeks before the exam.

– **Direct**: He said, “She had been waiting for me for an hour.”
– **Indirect**: He said that she had been waiting for him for an hour.

– **Direct**: She said, “I had been living there for five years.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she had been living there for five years.

– **Direct**: John said, “I had been practising the piano for two hours.”
– **Indirect**: John said that he had been practising the piano for two hours.

– **Direct**: They said, “We had been playing football for two hours before it started raining.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they had been playing football for two hours before it started raining.

– **Direct**: He said, “I had been reading that book all day.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he had been reading that book all day.

– **Direct**: She said, “They had been planning the party for a month.”
– **Indirect**: She said that they had been planning the party for a month.

– **Direct**: He said, “I had been waiting for the bus for 30 minutes.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he had been waiting for the bus for 30 minutes.

**9. Future Simple Tense**

– **Direct**: He said, “I will go to the store.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he would go to the store.
– **Direct She said, “I will buy a new car.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she would buy a new car.
– **Direct**: They said, “We will finish the project.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they would finish the project.
– **Direct**: He said, “She will help you.”
– **Indirect**: He said that she would help you.
– **Direct**: She said, “I will see the movie.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she would see the movie.
– **Direct**: John said, “I will visit Paris.”
– **Indirect**: John said that he would visit Paris.
– **Direct**: They said, “We will win the game.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they would win the game.
– **Direct**: He said, “I will call her tomorrow.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he would call her the next day.
– **Direct**: She said, “I will be on time.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she would be on time.
– **Direct**: He said, “I will finish my homework.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he would finish his homework.

 **10. Future Continuous Tense**

– **Direct**: He said, “I will be working tomorrow.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he would be working the next day.
– **Direct**: She said, “I will be cooking dinner tonight.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she would be cooking dinner that night.
– **Direct**: They said, “We will be waiting for you.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they would be waiting for you.
– **Direct**: He said, “She will be watching TV.”
– **Indirect**: He said that she would be watching TV.
– **Direct**: She said, “I will be reading a book this evening.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she would be reading a book that evening.
– **Direct**: John said, “I will be studying for my exam.”
– **Indirect**: John said that he would be studying for his exam.
– **Direct**: They said, “We will be playing football tomorrow.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they would be playing football the next day.
– **Direct**: He said, “I will be driving to work later.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he would be driving to work later.
– **Direct**: She said, “They will be planning a party.”
– **Indirect**: She said that they would be planning a party.
– **Direct**: He said, “I will be meeting my friend tonight.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he would be meeting his friend that night.

**11. Future Perfect Tense**

– **Direct**: He said, “I will have finished my work by tomorrow.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he would have finished his work by the next day.
– **Direct**: She said, “I will have cooked dinner by 8 PM.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she would have cooked dinner by 8 PM.
– **Direct**: They said, “We will have completed the project by then.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they would have completed the project by then.
– **Direct**: He said, “She will have left by the time you arrive.”
– **Indirect**: He said that she would have left by the time you arrived.
– **Direct**: She said, “I will have learned French by next year.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she would have learned French by the next year.
– **Direct**: John said, “I will have finished my exam by 5 PM.”
– **Indirect**: John said that he would have finished his exam by 5 PM.
– **Direct**: They said, “We will have eaten dinner by 7 PM.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they would have eaten dinner by 7 PM.
– **Direct**: He said, “I will have been to Paris twice by next summer.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he would have been to Paris twice by the next summer.
– **Direct**: She said, “They will have finished their work by the time we arrive.”
– **Indirect**: She said that they would have finished their work by the time they arrived.
– **Direct**: He said, “I will have submitted my assignment by Friday.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he would have submitted his assignment by Friday.

**12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense**

– **Direct**: He said, “I will have been working for three hours by 5 PM.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he would have been working for three hours by 5 PM.
– **Direct**: She said, “I will have been cooking for two hours by the time you arrive.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she would have been cooking for two hours by the time you arrived.
– **Direct**: They said, “We will have been living here for five years by next June.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they would have been living there for five years by the next June.
– **Direct**: He said, “She will have been waiting for you for an hour by 6 PM.”
– **Indirect**: He said that she would have been waiting for you for an hour by 6 PM.
– **Direct**: She said, “I will have been studying for three hours by the time you call me.”
– **Indirect**: She said that she would have been studying for three hours by the time you called her.
– **Direct**: John said, “I will have been reading for two hours by the time the movie starts.”
– **Indirect**: John said that he would have been reading for two hours by the time the movie started.
– **Direct**: They said, “We will have been working on this project for a week by Friday.”
– **Indirect**: They said that they would have been working on the project for a week by Friday.
– **Direct**: He said, “I will have been driving for three hours by the time I reach my destination.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he would have been driving for three hours by the time he reached his destination.
– **Direct**: She said, “They will have been preparing for the event for a month by the time it happens.”
– **Indirect**: She said that they would have been preparing for the event for a month by the time it happened.
– **Direct**: He said, “I will have been practising the guitar for a year by next summer.”
– **Indirect**: He said that he would have been practising the guitar for a year by the next summer.

 

Figures of Speech

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Here are some common figures of speech along with their definitions and examples:

 व्याख्या आणि उदाहरणांसह भाषणाच्या काही सामान्य आकृतिबंध (अलंकार) येथे आहेत:

1. Simile: उपमा

A comparison between two things using “like” or “as.”-                                                                                    *Example*: “Her smile is as bright as the sun.”
*Definition*: Shows similarities between two different things.

2. Metaphor: रूपक

A direct comparison between two unlike things, without using “like” or “as.”
– *Example*: “Time is a thief.”
– *Definition*: Describes something as if it were something else.

3. Personification:

Giving human traits to non-human objects or animals.
– *Example*: “The wind whispered through the trees.”
– *Definition*: Makes inanimate objects or animals seem human.

4. Hyperbole: अतिशोक्ती

An exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally.
– *Example*: “I’ve told you a million times!”
– *Definition*: Used to emphasize (जोर देणे) a point through extreme exaggeration.

5. Alliteration: अनुग्रह

The repetition of the same initial consonant sound in a series of words.
– *Example*: “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.”
– *Definition*: Creates a rhythmic effect through sound repetition.

6. Onomatopoeia: (ध्वनी)

A word that imitates the sound it represents.
– *Example*: “The bees buzzed.”
– *Definition*: Mimics natural sounds.

7. Oxymoron: (विरोधाभास)

A combination of two contradictory terms.
– *Example*: “Bittersweet.”
– *Definition*: Puts together opposite ideas for effect.

8. Irony: विडंबन

When the opposite of what is expected happens.
– *Example*: “A fire station burns down.”
– *Definition*: Highlights differences between appearance and reality.

9. Pun:

A play on words that have similar sounds but different meanings.
– *Example*: “I used to be a baker, but I couldn’t make enough dough.”
– *Definition*: A humorous use of words with double meanings.

10. Synecdoche:

A part of something represents the whole.
– *Example*: “All hands on deck.”
– *Definition*: A part is used to refer to the whole entity.

11. Metonimy:

Replacing the name of something with a word closely related to it.
– *Example*: “The White House issued a statement.”
– *Definition*: Substitutes the name of something with something closely related.

12. Anaphora:

The repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.
– *Example*: “Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better.”
– *Definition*: Emphasises key ideas through repetition.Certainly! Here are some more figures of speech:

13. Euphemism: (शब्दप्रयोग)

A mild or indirect word or expression used to replace one that may be considered harsh or unpleasant.
– *Example*: “He passed away” (instead of “He died”).
– *Definition*: Softens a difficult or unpleasant truth.

14. Paradox: (विरोधाभास)

A statement that seems self-contradictory but reveals a deeper truth.
– *Example*: “Less is more.”
– *Definition*: Contradicts itself but often holds a surprising or insightful meaning.

15. Litotes:

An understatement where a positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite.
– *Example*: “He’s not bad at cooking.”
– *Definition*: Understates or downplays something by using double negatives.

16. Apostrophe:

Addressing an absent or imaginary person, or an inanimate object, as if it were alive or could respond.
– *Example*: “O Death, where is your sting?”
– *Definition*: Directly addresses someone or something not physically present.

17. Chiasmus:

A reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases.
– *Example*: “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”
– *Definition*: Creates emphasis by reversing the structure of a sentence.

18. Antithesis: (विरोधी)

A contrast or opposition between two things, often in parallel structure.
– *Example*: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.”
– *Definition*: Highlights the difference between two opposing ideas.

19. Zeugma:

A figure of speech where a word applies to multiple parts of the sentence, though the word is only grammatically or logically appropriate for one.                                                                                             *Example*: “He stole my heart and my wallet.”
– *Definition*: A single word governs two or more words, but in different ways.

20. Tautology:

The redundant or repetitive use of words or phrases.
– *Example*: “It was a free gift.”
– *Definition*: Repeats the same meaning unnecessarily.

21. Climax: (परिसीमा)

The arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of increasing importance.
– *Example*: “I came, I saw, I conquered.”
– *Definition*: Builds intensity through progressively stronger statements.

22. Anticlimax:

A disappointing or humorous drop from an important idea to something trivial or less impactful.
– *Example*: “He lost his family, his fortune, and his car keys.”
– *Definition*: Creates an abrupt shift in tone by going from serious to trivial.

23. Polysyndeton:

The deliberate use of many conjunctions between words or clauses.
– *Example*: “We have ships and men and money and stores.”
– *Definition*: Slows down the rhythm by adding more conjunctions than necessary.

24. Asyndeton:

The omission of conjunctions between parts of a sentence.
– *Example*: “I came, I saw, I conquered.”
– *Definition*: Speeds up the rhythm by leaving out conjunctions.

25. Hypophora:

Raising a question and then immediately answering it.
– *Example*: “What makes a king out of a slave? Courage.”
– *Definition*: Engages the audience by asking a question, followed by an answer.

These figures of speech offer more complexity and style to language, enhancing the impact of ideas and emotions.

Each of these figures of speech helps to create imagery, emphasis, or humour in writing and speech.

Glad you found it helpful

How to Perfectly Add Question Tags to Any Sentence

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question tag

A question tag is a short phrase or question added to the end of a sentence, usually to confirm or check information. The structure typically consists of a **statement** followed by a **mini-question**. The question tag often mirrors the subject and auxiliary verb (helping verb) of the sentence, and the sentence’s polarity switches (positive to negative, or negative to positive).

         Question tag हा एक लहान वाक्यांश किंवा वाक्याच्या शेवटी जोडलेला प्रश्न आहे, सामान्यतः माहितीची पुष्टी करण्यासाठी किंवा तपासण्यासाठी. संरचनेत सामान्यत: **विधान** आणि त्यानंतर **मिनी-प्रश्न** असतो. प्रश्न टॅग अनेकदा वाक्याचा विषय आणि सहायक क्रियापद (मदत क्रियापद) प्रतिबिंबित करतो आणि वाक्याची ध्रुवता बदलते (सकारात्मक ते नकारात्मक, किंवा नकारात्मक ते सकारात्मक).

question tag

 Structure
1. Positive statement + Negative question tag
2. Negative statement + Positive question tag

 Example                                                                                         1. Positive statement + Negative question tag

– You are coming to the party, aren’t you?
– Positive statement: “You are coming to the party.”
– Negative tag: “aren’t you?”

– She has finished her homework, hasn’t she?
– Positive statement: “She has finished her homework.”
– Negative tag: “hasn’t she?”

2. Negative statement + Positive question tag

– He doesn’t like ice cream, does he?
– Negative statement: “He doesn’t like ice cream.”
– Positive tag: “does he?”

– They aren’t going to the meeting, are they?
– Negative statement: “They aren’t going to the meeting.”
– Positive tag: “are they?”

 Usage:

– Confirming Information : You use a question tag to check or confirm if something is true.
– Example: It’s cold today, **isn’t it?

– Seeking Agreement: Sometimes question tags are used to encourage the listener to agree with the statement.
– **Example**: We had a great time, **didn’t we?**

Special Cases:
–  am** changes to aren’t I in question tags:
– Example: I am early, **aren’t I?**

– **Let’s** changes to **shall we**:
– **Example**: Let’s go for a walk, **shall we?**

Intonation:
– **Rising intonation**: If you’re unsure and genuinely asking for confirmation.
– **Example**: You’re from Spain, **aren’t you?** (with a rising tone)

– **Falling intonation**: If you’re confident in your statement and just seeking agreement.
– **Example**: It’s a nice day, **isn’t it?** (with a falling tone)

In summary, question tags help facilitate conversation by seeking confirmation or agreement in a polite and concise way.

Question tags विनम्र आणि संक्षिप्त मार्गाने  संभाषण सुलभ करण्यात मदत करतात.

Here are 20 more examples of sentences with question tags:

1. **You like chocolate, don’t you?**
2. **She can speak French, can’t she?**
3. **They weren’t late, were they?**
4. **It’s raining, isn’t it?**
5. **You haven’t seen my keys, have you?**
6. **He will be here soon, won’t he?**
7. **We should leave now, shouldn’t we?**
8. **They live nearby, don’t they?**
9. **You’ve finished your homework, haven’t you?**
10. **I’m on time, aren’t I?**
11. **She doesn’t know about the surprise, does she?**
12. **Tom could help us, couldn’t he?**
13. **The movie was great, wasn’t it?**
14. **He hasn’t called yet, has he?**
15. **We’re meeting tomorrow, aren’t we?**
16. **You won’t forget, will you?**
17. **They’ve already left, haven’t they?**
18. **Your parents are coming, aren’t they?**
19. **We can’t stay here, can we?**
20. **He rarely visits, does he?**

These examples include both positive and negative statements with appropriate question tags.

Types of Poems

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Here are a few types of poems with short definitions and examples:
Here are some common types of poems, with short definitions and simple examples:

लहान व्याख्या आणि उदाहरणांसह कवितांचे  काही प्रकार येथे आहेत:
लहान व्याख्या आणि सोप्या उदाहरणांसह येथे काही सामान्य प्रकारच्या कविता आहेत:

1. Haiku-

A Japanese form with three lines. The first and last lines have 5 syllables, and the middle line has 7 syllables.
– Example:
*An old silent pond,*
*A frog jumps into the pond—*
*Splash! Silence again.*

2. Limerick – वात्रटिका

A humorous five-line poem with a rhyme scheme of AABBA.
– Example:
*There once was a cat from the street,*
*Who found fish were a wonderful treat,*
*It caught them with flair,*
*And ate them with care,*
*And now it’s too lazy to meet.*

3. Sonnet – सुनित:

A 14-line poem, typically written in iambic pentameter, often with a rhyme scheme of ABAB CDCD EFEF GG (Shakespearean).
– Example (opening lines from Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18):
*Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?*
*Thou art more lovely and more temperate.*

4. Acrostic -: संदेश कोडे

A poem where the first letters of each line spell out a word or message.
– Example: (for the word “LOVE”)
*Lovely sunsets in the sky,*
*Over hills where breezes fly,*
*Vivid colors bloom and glow,*
*Everywhere that you may go.*

5. Free Verse – मुक्त श्लोक :

Poetry without a regular rhyme or rhythm.
– Example:
*The wind whispers,*
*Trees sway in harmony,*
*A dance without music.*

6. Cinquain –

A five-line poem with specific syllable or word patterns.
– Example (Syllable pattern: 2, 4, 6, 8, 2):
*Stars*
*Twinkling bright*
*In the quiet night*
*Like a soft whisper of the past*
*Glow.*

7. Epic – महा काव्य

A long narrative poem that tells the story of heroic deeds.
– Example (from “The Odyssey” by Homer):
*Sing in me, Muse, and through me tell the story*
*Of that man skilled in all ways of contending.*

These are just a few types, but they cover a wide range of poetic styles!

8. Ballad –

A narrative poem often set to music, usually with a rhyme scheme of ABAB or ABCB and tells a story.
– Example:
*The wind was a torrent of darkness,*
*Among the gusty trees,*
*The moon was a ghostly galleon*
*Tossed upon cloudy seas.*

9. Villanelle –

A 19-line poem with two repeating rhymes and two refrains, typically organized into five tercets followed by a quatrain.
– Example (from Dylan Thomas’ *Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night*):
*Do not go gentle into that good night,*
*Old age should burn and rave at close of day;*
*Rage, rage against the dying of the light.*

10. Ode-

A formal, often ceremonious (औपचारिक) lyric poem that addresses and praises a person, place, thing, or idea.
– Example:
*Ode to a Nightingale* by John Keats:
*Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird!*
*No hungry generations tread thee down.*

11.Elegy- शोकगीत

A reflective poem that laments the loss of someone or something, often expressing sorrow or mourning.
– Example:
*O Captain! My Captain! our fearful trip is done,*
*The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won.*

12. Couplet- जोडी

Two lines of verse that usually rhyme and have the same meter.
– Example:
*The sun is set, the stars arise,*
*The moon begins to light the skies.*

13. Sestina- संयुक्त

A complex form of poetry consisting of six 6-line stanzas followed by a 3-line stanza. The end words of the first stanza are repeated in a specific pattern throughout the poem.
– Example (simplified):
*The wind blew strong all through the night,*
*The trees bent low, and so did I.*
*The stars, they shone but dimly then,*
*And waves crashed loud against the shore.*

14. Tanka –

A Japanese poem similar to a haiku, but with five lines and a syllable pattern of 5-7-5-7-7.
– Example:
*A gentle breeze blows,*
*Soft whispers among the trees,*
*Clouds drift in the sky,*
*Sunset

Using Articles: Rules and Examples

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Using Articles: Rules and Examples

Using Articles: Rules and Examples

Using Articles: Rules and Examples

In English, articles are used to define a noun as specific or unspecific. There are two types of articles: **definite** and **indefinite**.

—

1. Indefinite Articles (“a” and “an”)
Used to refer to a non-specific or general noun.

#### **”A”**: Used before a consonant sound.
– Example: *A dog* is barking outside.
– Explanation: The word “dog” starts with a consonant sound.

#### **”An”**: Used before a vowel sound.
– Example: *An apple* a day keeps the doctor away.
– Explanation: The word “apple” starts with a vowel sound (a).

Rule:

Use “a” before words that begin with a consonant sound and “an” before words that begin with a vowel sound, regardless of spelling.

—

2. Definite Article (“the”)
Used to refer to a specific noun that is known to the speaker and the listener.

– Example: *The dog* that lives next door is barking.
– Explanation: Both the speaker and listener know which dog is being referred to.

**Specific Use of “The”**:

1. When there is only **one** of something (unique nouns):
– Example: *The sun* rises in the east.
2. When the noun has been previously mentioned:
– Example: I saw *a movie* yesterday. *The movie* was great.
3. When talking about a specific place, person, or thing:
– Example: Let’s go to *the park*.

**Rule**: Use “the” when referring to a particular item known to both the speaker and listener.

—

3. **Omission of Articles**
In some cases, no article is used before a noun.

#### **When No Article is Used**:
1. **Plural and uncountable nouns** in general statements:
– Example: Cats are independent animals. (Not *The cats*)
– Example: Water is essential for life. (Not *The water*)
2. **Abstract nouns** (things that aren’t physical objects):
– Example: Honesty is important in relationships.
3. **Proper nouns** (names of people, places, or specific things):
– Example: *John* is coming over tonight. (Not *The John*)

—

### Additional Guidelines:

1. **With occupations**:
– Use “a” or “an”: She is *a doctor*. He is *an engineer*.

2. **Before superlatives**:
– Always use “the”: *The tallest* building, *the best* day.

3. **With countries**:
– No article: I live in *France*.
– Use “the” with names of countries that are plural or have “of” in the name: *The United States*, *The Republic of Congo*.

—

# Summary of Key Rules:
– Use **”a”** before consonant sounds, **”an”** before vowel sounds.
– Use **”the”** when referring to something specific or unique.
– **No article** is used for general, plural, or uncountable nouns.

Let me know if you need more examples or specific clarifications!
Here are **20 examples** for each type of article:

1. Indefinite Articles (“a” and “an”)

 With “a”:

1. A car passed by my house.
2. She adopted a kitten from the shelter.
3. He bought a book from the bookstore.
4. They saw a bird in the tree.
5. We need a new chair for the living room.
6. A stranger knocked on the door.
7. I would like to eat a sandwich.
8. She is wearing a red dress.
9. A man asked for directions.
10. He works as a doctor in a hospital.
11. We watched a movie last night.
12. A child was playing in the park.
13. A snake slithered through the grass.
14. I saw a plane flying overhead.
15. He gave me a gift for my birthday.
16. She is learning to play a guitar.
17. They took a train to the city.
18. A storm is approaching.
19. He’s going to give a speech at the event.
20. I need a pen to sign this document.

With “an”:

1. An elephant walked through the jungle.
2. She had an idea for the project.
3. He ate an apple for breakfast.
4. I saw an eagle flying in the sky.
5. An actor is coming to the show.
6. She received an award for her performance.
7. An engineer fixed the machine.
8. He is reading an interesting article.
9. An orange fell from the tree.
10. She is an artist by profession.
11. An hour has passed since we started.
12. He asked for an extra chair.
13. We need an umbrella for the rain.
14. An owl hooted in the night.
15. They are ex

Sure! Here are 50 more sets of rhyming words

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Rhyming words are words that have the same or very similar ending sounds, particularly from the vowel sound onwards. They are often used in poetry and songs to create a pleasing or musical effect.

rhyming words

Here are some sets of rhyming words, each with 5 words:

1. Cat – Hat – Mat – Bat – Sat
2. Play – Stay – Day – Way – Say
3. Tree – Free – See – Bee – Knee
4. Light – Fight – Right – Night – Sight
5. Cool – Pool – Rule – School – Tool

      These words share the same ending sounds, making them rhyme when spoken aloud.
Sure! Here are 50 more sets of rhyming words, each containing 5 words:

1. Sky – Fly – Buy – Cry – Tie
2. Sun – Run – Fun – Bun – Done
3. King – Ring – Sing – Thing – Bring
4. Car – Star – Bar – Far – Jar
5. Blue – True – Glue – You – Cue
6. Ball – Tall – Call – Fall – Wall
7. Bird – Heard – Word – Curved – Stirred
8. Dream – Scream – Beam – Team – Stream
9. Mouse – House – Spouse – Louse – Douse
10. Cake – Bake – Make – Shake – Take
11. Boat – Coat – Float – Goat – Note
12. Cold – Bold – Gold – Hold – Sold
13. Rain – Train – Pain – Chain – Gain
14. Hot – Spot – Not – Dot – Got
15. Quick – Stick – Pick – Trick – Kick
16. Stone – Bone – Phone – Own – Alone
17. Duck – Luck – Truck – Stuck – Pluck
18. Key – See – Tree – Free – Flee
19. Bright – Light – Sight – Flight – Height
20. Clean – Mean – Scene – Bean – Green
21. Wish – Dish – Fish – Swish – Squish
22. Hill – Still – Fill – Chill – Will
23. Jump – Bump – Lump – Pump – Hump
24. Time – Rhyme – Crime – Climb – Prime
25. Bold – Cold – Fold – Gold – Told
26. Door – Floor – More – Roar – Pour
27. Cheer – Near – Clear – Steer – Fear
28. Wide – Side – Ride – Slide – Guide
29. Tear – Wear – Bear – Care – Share
30. Sweet – Heat – Beat – Seat – Cheat
31. Brown – Down – Crown – Town – Gown
32. New – Few – View – True – Blue
33. Mark – Park – Dark – Bark – Shark
34. Fine – Line – Mine – Shine – Wine
35. Hard – Card – Guard – Yard – Lard
36. Wood – Good – Stood – Hood – Could
37. Late – Fate – Mate – Rate – Gate
38. Game – Same – Name – Flame – Blame
39. Pink – Sink – Drink – Link – Think
40. Stop – Top – Shop – Drop – Mop
41. Play – Stay – Sway – Day – Delay
42. Road – Load – Toad – Code – Mode
43. Moon – Soon – Noon – Tune – Balloon
44. Pen – Ten – Men – Hen – When
45. Clear – Fear – Tear – Year – Here
46. Fire – Wire – Tire – Hire – Desire
47. Snow – Glow – Throw – Show – Flow
48. Hand – Stand – Land – Band – Grand
49. Drive – Strive – Alive – Five – Dive
50. Meet – Sweet – Street – Fleet – Greet

These sets can be useful for poetry, songwriting, or other creative writing exercises!

“Understanding Past Tense and Past Participle Forms of 100 Verbs”

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past-tense-and-past-participle

Here is a list of 100 verbs with their past tense and past participle forms:

past-tense-and-past-participle

• Accept – Accepted – Accepted

• Act – Acted – Acted

• Allow – Allowed – Allowed

• Ask – Asked – Asked

• Begin – Began – Begun

• Believe – Believed – Believed

• Bring – Brought – Brought

• Build – Built – Built

• Buy – Bought – Bought

• Call – Called – Called

• Can – Could – (No participle)

• Carry – Carried – Carried

• Catch – Caught – Caught

• Choose – Chose – Chosen

• Come – Came – Come

• Consider – Considered – Considered

• Continue – Continued – Continued

• Cost – Cost – Cost

• Cut – Cut – Cut

• Decide – Decided – Decided

• Do – Did – Done

• Draw – Drew – Drawn

• Drink – Drank – Drunk

• Drive – Drove – Driven

• Eat – Ate – Eaten

• Feel – Felt – Felt

• Find – Found – Found

• Fly – Flew – Flown

• Forget – Forgot – Forgotten

• Get – Got – Gotten/Got

• Give – Gave – Given

• Go – Went – Gone

• Grow – Grew – Grown

• Have – Had – Had

• Hear – Heard – Heard

• Help – Helped – Helped

• Hold – Held – Held

• Keep – Kept – Kept

• Know – Knew – Known

• Learn – Learned – Learned/Learnt

• Leave – Left – Left

• Let – Let – Let

• Like – Liked – Liked

• Live – Lived – Lived

• Look – Looked – Looked

• Lose – Lost – Lost                                    past-tense-and-past-participle

• Make – Made – Made

• Mean – Meant – Meant

• Meet – Met – Met

• Move – Moved – Moved

• Need – Needed – Needed

• Open – Opened – Opened

• Pay – Paid – Paid

• Play – Played – Played

• Put – Put – Put

• Read – Read – Read

• Run – Ran – Run

• Say – Said – Said

• See – Saw – Seen

• Sell – Sold – Sold

• Send – Sent – Sent

• Set – Set – Set

• Show – Showed – Shown/Showed

• Sit – Sat – Sat

• Sleep – Slept – Slept

• Speak – Spoke – Spoken

• Spend – Spent – Spent

• Stand – Stood – Stood

• Start – Started – Started

• Stay – Stayed – Stayed

• Stop – Stopped – Stopped

• Study – Studied – Studied

• Take – Took – Taken

• Talk – Talked – Talked

• Teach – Taught – Taught

• Tell – Told – Told

• Think – Thought – Thought

• Travel -Travelled-Travelled

• Try – Tried – Tried

• Turn – Turned – Turned

• Understand – Understood – Understood

• Use – Used – Used

• Wait – Waited – Waited

• Walk – Walked – Walked

• Want – Wanted – Wanted

• Watch – Watched – Watched

• Wear – Wore – Worn

• Win – Won – Won

• Work – Worked – Worked

• Write – Wrote – Written

• Borrow – Borrowed – Borrowed

• Clean – Cleaned – Cleaned

• Dance – Danced – Danced

• Drive – Drove – Driven

• Invite – Invited – Invited

• Laugh – Laughed – Laughed

• Love – Loved – Loved

• Promise – Promised – Promised

• Rain – Rained – Rained

• Wish – Wished – Wished

 

Understanding Sentence Types: A Comprehensive Guide to Structuring Your Writing.

by
Types of Sentences
   Certainly! Sentences can be categorised into several types based on their structure and purpose. Here’s an overview of the primary types of sentences, along with examples for each.
   नक्कीच! वाक्यांची रचना आणि उद्देशानुसार वाक्यांचे अनेक प्रकारांमध्ये वर्गीकरण केले जाऊ शकते. प्रत्येकासाठी उदाहरणांसह, प्राथमिक प्रकारच्या वाक्यांचे विहंगावलोकन येथे आहे.

Types of Sentences

1.Declarative Sentences / Statements ::                                                      1.घोषणात्मक वाक्ये / विधाने ::

Purpose: To make a statement or express an idea. They end with a period.

उद्देशः विधान करणे किंवा कल्पना व्यक्त करणे. ते एका कालावधीसह संपतात.

Examples:
1. The sun rises in the east.
2. She enjoys reading historical novels.
3. The meeting is scheduled for 3 PM.
4. I have completed my homework.
5. He plays the guitar every evening.
6. The weather is very pleasant today.
7. Our team won the match.
8. The museum opens at 10 AM.
9. She travels frequently for work.
10. The cat slept on the windowsill.

2. Interrogative Sentences ::                                                                            2. प्रश्नार्थक वाक्ये ::

Purpose: To ask a question. They end with a question mark.
उद्देशः प्रश्न विचारणे. त्यांचा शेवट प्रश्नचिन्हाने होतो.

Examples:
1. What time is the meeting?
2. Have you finished your report?
3. Where did you buy that dress?
4. Is she coming to the party?
5. How do you solve this problem?
6. Did they arrive on time?7. What are your plans for the weekend?
8. Are you feeling better today?
9. Can you help me with this?10. Why is the sky blue?

3. Imperative Sentences / आज्ञार्थी वाक्य ::

Purpose: To give a command, request, or advice. They usually end with a period but can also end with an exclamation mark.                                          उद्देश: आज्ञा, विनंती किंवा सल्ला देणे. ते सहसा कालावधीसह समाप्त होतात परंतु उद्गार चिन्हाने देखील समाप्त होऊ शकतात.

Examples:
1. Close the door.
2. Please pass the salt.
3. Finish your homework before dinner.
4. Turn off the lights when you leave.
5. Call me when you arrive.
6. Don’t forget to lock the door.
7. Take a seat.
8. Remember to bring your ID.
9. Be careful on the ice.
10. Help yourself to some coffee.

 4. Exclamatory Sentences ::                                                                           4. उद्गारात्मक वाक्ये ::

Purpose: To express strong emotion or excitement. They end with an exclamation mark.                                                                                          उद्देशः तीव्र भावना किंवा उत्साह व्यक्त करणे. ते उद्गार चिन्हाने संपतात.

Examples:
1. What a beautiful sunset!
2. I can’t believe we won the game!
3. How incredible that performance was!
4. That’s amazing news!
5. What a wonderful surprise!
6. How could you forget my birthday!
7. I’m so excited for the trip!
8. Wow, that’s a huge improvement!
9. That’s fantastic!
10. What a delicious meal!

Each type of sentence serves a distinct purpose in communication, helping to convey different kinds of information and emotion.

प्रत्येक प्रकारचे वाक्य संप्रेषणामध्ये एक विशिष्ट उद्देश पूर्ण करते, विविध प्रकारची माहिती आणि भावना व्यक्त करण्यात मदत करते.